.TH "DOVEADM-WHO" "1" "May 2026" "e5ac02a" "Dovecot"
.SH "NAME"
\fBdoveadm-who\fR - Show who is logged into the Dovecot server
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.P
\fBdoveadm\fR \[lB]\fIGLOBAL OPTIONS\fR\[rB] \fBwho\fR \[lB]\fB-1\fR\[rB] \[lB]\fB-f\fR \fIpassdb_field\fR\[rB] \[lB]\fB-a\fR \fIanvil_socket_path\fR\[rB] \[lB]\fIuser_mask\fR\[rB] \[lB]\fIip\fR \[lB]\fB/\fR \fIbits\fR\[rB]\[rB]
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.P
The \fBwho\fR command is used to show which users from which hosts are currently connected to which service.
.SH "GLOBAL OPTIONS"
.P
Global doveadm(1) \fIoptions\fR:
.P
\fB-D\fR
.RS 0
.RS 4
.P
Enables \fIverbosity\fR and debug messages.
.RE 0

.RE 0

.P
\fB-O\fR
.RS 0
.RS 4
.P
Do not read any config file, just use defaults. The \fBdovecot_storage_version\fR setting defaults to the latest version, but can be overridden with \fB-o\fR.
.RE 0

.RE 0

.P
\fB-k\fR
.RS 0
.RS 4
.P
Preserve entire environment for doveadm, not just \fBimport_environment\fR setting.
.RE 0

.RE 0

.P
\fB-v\fR
.RS 0
.RS 4
.P
Enables verbosity, including progress counter.
.RE 0

.RE 0

.P
\fB-i\fR \fIinstance-name\fR
.RS 0
.RS 4
.P
If using multiple Dovecot instances, choose the config file based on this instance name.
.P
See \fBinstance_name\fR setting for more information.
.RE 0

.RE 0

.P
\fB-c\fR \fIconfig-file\fR
.RS 0
.RS 4
.P
Read configuration from the given \fIconfig-file\fR. By default it first reads config socket, and then falls back to \fI/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf\fR. You can also point this to config socket of some instance running compatible version.
.RE 0

.RE 0

.P
\fB-o\fR \fIsetting\fR\fB=\fR\fIvalue\fR
.RS 0
.RS 4
.P
Overrides the configuration \fIsetting\fR from \fI/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf\fR and from the userdb with the given \fIvalue\fR. In order to override multiple settings, the \fB-o\fR option may be specified multiple times.
.RE 0

.RE 0

.P
\fB-f\fR \fIformatter\fR
.RS 0
.RS 4
.P
Specifies the \fIformatter\fR for formatting the output. Supported formatters are:
.P
\fBflow\fR
.RS 4
.P
prints each line with \fIkey\fR\fB=\fR\fIvalue\fR pairs.
.RE 0

.P
\fBjson\fR
.RS 4
.P
prints a JSON array of JSON objects.
.RE 0

.P
\fBpager\fR
.RS 4
.P
prints each \fIkey\fR: \fIvalue\fR pair on its own line and separates records with form feed character (\fB^L\fR).
.RE 0

.P
\fBtab\fR
.RS 4
.P
prints a table header followed by tab separated value lines.
.RE 0

.P
\fBtable\fR
.RS 4
.P
prints a table header followed by adjusted value lines.
.RE 0

.RE 0

.RE 0

.P
This command uses by default the output formatter \fBtable\fR.
.SH "OPTIONS"
.P
\fB-1\fR
.RS 0
.RS 4
.P
Print one line per user and connection. Otherwise the connections are grouped by the username.
.RE 0

.RE 0

.P
\fB-a\fR \fIanvil_socket_path\fR
.RS 0
.RS 4
.P
This option is used to specify an alternative socket. The option's argument is either an absolute path to a local UNIX domain socket, or a hostname and port (\fIhostname\fR:\fIport\fR), in order to connect a remote host via a TCP socket.
.P
By default doveadm(1) will use the socket \fI/rundir/anvil\fR. The socket may be located in another directory, when the default \fIbase_dir\fR setting was overridden in \fI/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf\fR.
.RE 0

.RE 0

.P
\fB-f\fR \fIpassdb_field\fR
.RS 0
.RS 4
.P
Alternative username field to use for querying, as returned by passdb. Only the passdb fields beginning with the \fIuser_\fR prefix are tracked.
.RE 0

.RE 0

.SH "ARGUMENTS"
.P
\fIip\fR \[lB]\fB/\fR \fIbits\fR\[rB]
.RS 0
.RS 4
.P
Specify an \fIip\fR address or network range, in CIDR notation, to reduce the result to matching connections.
.RE 0

.RE 0

.P
\fIuser_mask\fR
.RS 0
.RS 4
.P
List only users whose login name matches the \fIuser_mask\fR, or the alternative username (user_* field) if the \fB-f\fR parameter is used. It's also possible to use wildcards in the \fIuser\fR name.
.RE 0

.RE 0

.SH "EXAMPLE"
.P
Show authenticated sessions, filtered by the client's IP address:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
doveadm who ::1
.fi
.RE
.P
.RS 2
.nf
username                       # proto (pids)        (ips)
jane                           2 imap  (30155 30412) (::1)

$ doveadm who 192.0.2.0/24
username                        # proto (pids)  (ips)
john@example.com                1 imap  (30257) (192.0.2.34)
.fi
.RE
.P
Show authenticated sessions, filtered by username:
.P
.RS 2
.nf
doveadm who pvo
.fi
.RE
.P
.RS 2
.nf
username         # proto (pids)                    (ips)
pvo              1 sieve (30343)                   (fd95:4eed:38ba::25)
pvo              4 imap  (25693 25686 25679 25669) (fd95:4eed:38ba::25)

$ doveadm who ja\[rs]*
username                    # proto (pids)        (ips)
james                       1 imap  (30091)       (127.0.0.1)
jane                        2 imap  (30155 30412) (::1)
.fi
.RE
.SH "REPORTING BUGS"
.P
Report bugs, including \fIdoveconf -n\fR output, to the Dovecot Mailing List \fI\(ladovecot@dovecot.org\(ra\fR. Information about reporting bugs is available at: \fI\(lahttps://dovecot.org/bugreport.html\(ra\fR
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.P
doveadm(1)
